The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the Tokugawa bakufu, and the Edo bakufu, was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family. This period is known as the Edo period and gets its name from the capital city of Edo, now Tokyo. The Tokugawa shogunate ruled from Edo Castle from 1603 until 1868, when it was abolished during the Meiji Restoration. Following the Sengoku Period of "warring states", central government had been largely re-established by Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi during the Azuchi-Momoyama period. After the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, central authority fell to Tokugawa Ieyasu who completed this process and received the title of shogun in 1603. In order to become shogun, one traditionally was a descendant of the ancient Minamoto clan. The Tokugawa period, unlike the shogunates before it, was supposedly based on the strict class hierarchy originally established by Toyotomi Hideyoshi. The warrior-caste of samurai were at the top, followed by farmers, artisans, and traders. The inflexible nature of the caste system unleashed disruptive forces over time. Taxes on the peasantry were set at fixed amounts which did not account for inflation or other changes in monetary value. As a result, the tax revenues collected by the samurai landowners were worth less and less over time. This often led to numerous confrontations between noble but impoverished samurai and well-to-do peasants, ranging from simple local disturbances to much bigger rebellions. None, however, proved compelling enough to seriously challenge the established order until the arrival of foreign powers. Toward the end of the 19th century, an alliance of several of the more powerful daimyo with the titular Emperor finally succeeded in the overthrow of the shogunate after the Boshin War, culminating in the Meiji Restoration. The Tokugawa Shogunate came to an official end in 1868, with the resignation of the 15th Tokugawa Shogun, Tokugawa Yoshinobu and the "restoration" (Ōsei fukko) of imperial rule. See Late Tokugawa shogunate for details. (more)
Type: place
Genres: politics
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Edo period:
The Edo period, also referred to as the Tokugawa period (徳川時代 Tokugawa-jidai), is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868. The period marks the governance of the Edo or Tokugawa shogunate, which was officially established in 1603 by
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Tokugawa Ieyasu:
Tokugawa Ieyasu was the founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan which ruled from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. Ieyasu seized power in 1600, received appointment as shogun in 1603, abdicated
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Edo:
Edo, literally: bay-door, "estuary", ), once also spelled Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of the Japanese capital Tokyo, and was the seat of power for the Tokugawa shogunate which ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868. During this period it grew to become
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Boshin War:
The Boshin War was a civil war in Japan, fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and those seeking to return political power to the imperial court. The war found its origins in dissatisfaction among many nobles and yo
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Azuchi-Momoyama period:
The Azuchi-Momoyama period came at the end of the Warring States Period in Japan, when the political unification that preceded the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate took place. It spans the years from approximately 1568 to 1603, during which ti
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Bakumatsu:
Bakumatsu Lieutenant-Colonel Neale, head of the British legation, responded on very strong terms, equating the move with a declaration of war: A Second Japanese Embassy to Europe would be sent in December 1863, with the mission to obtain European sup
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Tokugawa Yoshinobu:
Tokugawa Yoshinobu, 1st Prince of the Yoshinobu-ke (徳川 慶喜 Tokugawa Yoshinobu (also known as Keiki), October 28, 1837-November 22, 1913) was the 15th and last shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. He was part of a movement which aimed to reform t
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Battle of Sekigahara:
The Battle of Sekigahara, popularly known as the Realm Divide, was a decisive battle on September 15 1600 that cleared the path to the Shogunate for Tokugawa Ieyasu. Though it would take three more years for Ieyasu to consolidate his position of powe
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Edo Castle:
Edo Castle (江戸城 Edo-jō), also known under the name Chiyoda Castle (千代田城 Chiyoda-jō), is a flatland castle that was built in 1457 by Ōta Dōkan in what is now the Chiyoda ward of Tokyo, but was then known as Edo, Toshima District, Musashi Province. Tok
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Shogun:
Shōgun is a military rank and historical title in Japan. The Japanese word for "general", it is made up of two kanji words: sho, meaning "commander", "general", or "admiral", and gun meaning troops or warriors. The modern rank is equivalent to a Ge
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Meiji Restoration:
The Meiji Restoration, also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, or Renewal, was a chain of events that led to enormous changes in Japan's political and social structure. It occurred in the latter half of the 19th century, a period that spans both t
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Samurai:
Samurai is the term for the military nobility of pre-industrial Japan. The word samurai is derived from the archaic Japanese verb samorau, changed to saburau, meaning "to serve"; thus, a samurai is a servant, i.e. the servant of a lord.
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Oda Nobunaga:
Oda Nobunaga (June 23, 1534-June 21, 1582) was a major daimyo during the Sengoku period of Japanese history. He was the second son of Oda Nobuhide, a deputy shugo (military governor) with land holdings in Owari province. Oda Nobunaga. Samurai Wiki.
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Fudai daimyo:
Fudai daimyo "Takada-han" on Edo 300 HTML (14 March 2008) house to being a recognized relative of the Tokugawa family. Also, a hatamoto who had an increase in income which raised his income level over 10,000 koku became a fudai daimyo.
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Satsuma Domain:
The Satsuma domain ( 薩摩藩, Satsuma Han) was one of the most powerful feudal domains in Tokugawa Japan, and played a major role in the Meiji Restoration and in the government of the Meiji period which followed. Controlled throughout the Edo period by t
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Tokugawa Iemitsu:
Tokugawa Iemitsu (徳川 家光 August 12, 1604 — June 8, 1651), sometimes romanised Iyemitsu, was the third shogun of the Tokugawa dynasty who reigned from 1623 to 1651. He was the eldest son of Tokugawa Hidetada, and the grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu.
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Tokugawa Hidetada:
was the second shogun of the Tokugawa dynasty, who ruled from 1605 until his abdication in 1623. He was the third son of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the first shogun of the Tokugawa bakufu.
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Hatamoto:
A hatamoto was a samurai in the direct service of the Tokugawa shogunate of feudal Japan. While all three of the shogunates in Japanese history had official retainers, in the two preceding ones, they were referred to as gokenin. However, in the Edo p
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Tokugawa Yoshimune:
Tokugawa Yoshimune was the eighth shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, ruling from 1716 until his abdication in 1745. He was the son of Tokugawa Mitsusada, the grandson of Tokugawa Yorinobu, and the great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu.
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Tokugawa Ienari:
Tokugawa Ienari; 徳川 家斉 (November 18, 1773-March 22, 1841) was the eleventh shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan who held office from 1786 to 1837.
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Tokugawa Tsunayoshi:
Tokugawa Tsunayoshi (徳川 綱吉 February 23, 1646-February 19, 1709) was the fifth shogun of the Tokugawa dynasty of Japan. He was the younger brother of Tokugawa Ietsuna, thus making him the son of Tokugawa Iemitsu, the grandson of Tokugawa Hidetada, and
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Tokugawa Ietsuna:
Tokugawa Ietsuna was the fourth shogun of the Tokugawa dynasty of Japan who was in office from 1651 to 1680. He was the eldest son of Tokugawa Iemitsu, thus making him the grandson of Tokugawa Hidetada and the great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu.
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Sonnō jōi:
Sonnō jōi is a Japanese political philosophy and a social movement derived from Neo-Confucianism; it became a political slogan in the 1850s and 1860s in the movement to overthrow the Tokugawa bakufu.
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Ii Naosuke:
Ii Naosuke was daimyo of Hikone (1850 – 1860) and also Tairō of Tokugawa Shogunate, Japan, a position he held from April 23, 1858 until his death on March 24, 1860. He is most famous for signing the Harris Treaty with the United States, granting acce
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Battle of Toba-Fushimi:
The Battle of Toba-Fushimi occurred between pro-Imperial and Tokugawa shogunate forces during the Boshin War in Japan. The battle started on 27 January 1868 (January 3 according to the Lunar calendar), when the forces of the Tokugawa shogunate and th
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Tokugawa Iemochi:
Tokugawa Iemochi (July 17, 1846-July 20, 1866) was the 14th shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, who held office 1858 to 1866. During his reign, there was much internal turmoil caused by the first major contact with the United States which occu
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Red seal ships:
Red seal ships (朱印船 Shuinsen) were Japanese armed merchant sailing ships bound for Southeast Asian ports with a red-sealed patent issued by the early Tokugawa shogunate in the first half of the 17th century. Between 1600 and 1635, more than 350 Japan
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Tokugawa Ieharu:
Tokugawa Ieharu (徳川家治 (June 20, 1737-September 17, 1786) was the tenth shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, who held office from 1760 to 1786.
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Tairō:
Tairō (大老, lit. "great elder") was a high-ranking official position in the bakuhan taisei government of Japan. The tairō would preside over the governing Rōjū council in the event of an emergency. A tairō would be nominated from among a group of samu
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Tokugawa Ieshige:
Tokugawa Ieshige; 徳川 家重 (January 28, 1712 - July 13, 1761) was the ninth shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. The first son of Tokugawa Yoshimune, his mother was the daughter of Okubo Tadanao, known as Osuma no kata. His childhood name was Naga
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Matsudaira Sadanobu:
Matsudaira Sadanobu * Backus, Robert L. The Kansei Prohibition of Heterodoxy and Its Effects on Education. In Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, Vol. 39, No. 1. (Jun., 1979), pp. 55-106. * Backus, Robert L. The Motivation of Confucian Orthodoxy in T
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Tokugawa Ieyoshi:
Tokugawa Ieyoshi (徳川 家慶, June 22, 1793-July 27, 1853; r.1837-1853) was the 12th shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. He was the second son of the 11th shogun, Tokugawa Ienari, and employed Mizuno Tadakuni to conduct the Tenpo reform. Ieyoshi wa
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Tokugawa Ienobu:
Tokugawa Ienobu (June 11, 1662-November 12, 1712) was the sixth shogun of the Tokugawa dynasty of Japan. He was the eldest son of Tokugawa Tsunashige, thus making him the nephew of Tokugawa Ietsuna and Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, the grandson of Tokugawa Ie
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Ōoka Tadasuke:
Ōoka Tadasuke * Edmonds, I.G., Case of the Marble Monster and Other Stories, ISBN 0-590-08024-5, a collection of stories about Ōoka Tadasuke, for younger readers. * Edmonds, I.G., Yamazaki, S. (Illust.)Ooka the Wise: Tales of Old Japan, ISBN 0-208-02
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Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu:
Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu (1658 - 1714) was a Japanese daimyo of the Edo period, who served as an official in the Tokugawa shogunate. He served Tokugawa Tsunayoshi from an early age, becoming his wakashu and eventually rising to the position of soba yōnin
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Tokugawa Ietsugu:
Tokugawa Ietsugu; 徳川 家継 (August 8, 1709-June 19, 1716) was the seventh shogun of the Tokugawa Dynasty, who ruled from 1713 until his death in 1716. He was the son of Tokugawa Ienobu, thus making him the grandson of Tokugawa Tsunashige, daimyo of Kofu
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Hotta Masatoshi:
Hotta Masatoshi (堀田正俊) (1634-7 October 1684) was a daimyō (feudal lord) in Shimousa Province, and top government advisor and official in the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. He served as rōjū (chief advisor) to Shogun Tokugawa Ietsuna from 1679-80, and a
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Tokugawa Iesada:
Tokugawa Iesada (徳川 家定 (May 6, 1824—August 14, 1858) was the 13th shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan who held office for only 5 years, from 1853 to 1858. He was mentally unfit to be shogun . Having risen to power soon after the Black Ships epi
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Keian Uprising:
The Keian Uprising was a failed coup d'etat attempt carried out against thTokugawa shogunate of Japan in 1651, by a number of ronin. Though it failed, the event is historically significant as an indication of a wider problem of disgruntled ronin thro
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Machi-bugyō:
Machi-bugyō were officials of the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo period Japan. Appointments to this prominent office were usually fudai daimyō, but this was amongst the senior administrative posts open to those who were not daimyō. Beasley, William G. (19
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Hyōjōsho:
The , established in 1634, was the judicial council in Japan under the Tokugawa shogunate. It was equivalent to the Monchūjo council of the earlier Kamakura shogunate. It was comprised of the Rōjū (Elders), the highest officials in the shogunate gov
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Han (administrative division):
The han, or domains, were the fiefs of feudal lords of Japan that were created by Toyotomi Hideyoshi and existed until their abolition in 1871, three years after the Meiji Restoration. The number of han varied; typically, there were around 300 han in
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Sakoku:
Sakoku (Japanese: 鎖国, literally "country in chains" or "lock up of country") was the foreign relations policy of Japan under which no foreigner could enter or Japanese could leave the country on penalty of death. The policy was enacted by the Tokugaw
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Gokenin:
Gokenin appeared as direct vassals (kenin) of the shogun (or Regent Shikken) in Japan during the Kamakura Shogunate. Their status however varied greatly across the ages. After the Kamakura Shogunate, during the Muromachi period, Gokenin was a social
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Sankin kōtai:
Sankin kōtai (参勤交代) ("alternate attendance") was a policy of the shogunate during most of the Edo period of Japanese history. The purpose was to control the daimyo. In adopting the policy, the shogunate was continuing and refining similar policies of
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Gosankyō:
The were three branches of the Tokugawa clan of Japan. They were descended from the eighth of the fifteen Tokugawa shoguns, Yoshimune (1684-1751). Yoshimune established the gosankyo to augment (or perhaps to replace) the gosanke, the heads of the p
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Sado Province:
Sado (佐渡国 Sado-no-kuni) was a province of Japan until the late 19th century; since then, it has been a part of Niigata Prefecture. It lies on the eponymous Sado Island, off the coast of Niigata prefecture (or in the past, Echigo province). Sado was o
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