Real property (or realty) is a legal term for one of the two main classes of property in the common law, the other class being personal property (or personalty). Although the precise definition of real property varies between jurisdictions, it almost always encompasses land, rights over land and building or fixtures on land. Real property roughly, but not precisely, corresponds to the concept of immovable property in Civil law systems.

This article discusses the ownership of land from the point of view of common law jurisdictions. Other legal geopolitical systems of government have different legal interpretations concerning the ownership of land. Terminology varies in these systems, as well: for instance, heritable property in Scotland; immovable property in Canada, United States, India, Malta, Cyprus, most of Europe including Russia, also South America, Malaysia, South Africa, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and many other countries and continents; and immobilier (real estate) in France.