José Ignacio Barraquer (January 24, 1916; Barcelona, Spain – February 13, 1998; Bogotá, Colombia) was an ophthalmologist known to many as "the father of modern refractive surgery". Barraquer invented the cryolathe and microkeratome and developed the surgical procedures of keratomileusis and keratophakia.

Barraquer was the son of Ignacio Barraquer, an ophthalmologist known for his contributions to the advancement of cataract surgery. In 1953, Dr. Barraquer emigrated from the family home in Spain to Colombia where, in 1965, he founded the Barraquer Institute of America.